Bharat Ki Aazadi Kab Hua Tha Aur Kaise Hua ? Pura Detail Bataye in Hindi

Bharat ki azadi 15 August 1947 ko hui thi. Is din Bharat desh ko British sashan se mukt karke svatantrata prapt hui. Azadi ke pichhe kai mahatvapurn ghatnayen aur aandolan the, jo Bharat ke vibhinn bhagon mein samay samay par huye. Yeh kuch mahatvapurn kramsha:

1. 1857 ki Kranti (Sepoy Mutiny):

Bharat ki azadi ka prarambhak kadam 1857 ki Kranti ya Sepoy Mutiny ke roop mein tha, jismein Bharatiya sipahiyon ne East India Company ke viruddh vidroh kiya. Yeh vidroh dhire-dhire desh bhar mein phaila aur British satta ke khilaf ek pramukh pratikriya ka udaharan ban gaya.

1857 ki kranti, jo Bharat mein bhi “Bharat ka Pratham Swatantrata Sangram” ke roop mein jaani jaati hai, ek mahatvapurn ghatna thi jo Bharat ke swatantrata ke marg par ek mahatvapurna kadam tha. Yeh ghatna 10 May, 1857 se 1 June, 1858 tak chali. Is andolan mein Bharatiya sipahiyon, zamindaron, aur samanya janata ne ekjut hokar British East India Company ke viruddh vidroh kiya tha.

Is vidroh ki mool karanon mein se ek tha British sasan ke prati bhay, anyay, aur Bharatiya samaj mein anuyayi vyavastha ke virodh. Sipahiyon ke adhikariktaon mein mehsoos hui asantoshata aur anyay ke khilaf unka virodh is vidroh ke mukhya karan the. Is vidroh ke dauran, anek sthanon par British sarkar ki senaon ne sangharshavadiyon se takkar li, lekin unke viruddh aam janta bhi samarthan pradarshit kiya.

Is vidroh ki pramukh ghatnaon mein se ek Dilli ke Badshah Zafar ko mukhy roop se samarthan karne ki thi. Iske alawa, Kanpur, Lucknow, Jhansi, Delhi, aur anya kshetron mein bhi vidroh ka samarthan hua. Vidroh ki antim ghatna 1 June, 1858 ko Gwalior ke Maidan me hui, jahan sipahiyon ke sahayakon aur Rani Lakshmibai ki veeranganaon ne angrez senaon se takkar di.

Is vidroh ke parinamasvaroop, mughal samrajya ka ant hua aur British satta ko aur majbooti mili. Parantu, is vidroh ne Bharatiya logon mein swatantrata ke prati ek naya jajba jagaya aur agami varshon mein aur bhi anek swatantrata andolanon ko janm diya. Is tarah, 1857 ki kranti Bharat ke swatantrata sangram ka pratham aur mahatvapurna kadam tha.

2. **Swadeshi Andolan:

Swadeshi andolan, jo 1905 mein Bengal ke vibhajan ke bad prarambh hua, ek mahatvapurn ghatna thi. Is andolan mein Bharatiya logon ne British saman aur vyavasayik utpadon ka bahishkar kiya aur svadeshi utpadon ka samarthan kiya.

Swadeshi Andolan, Bharat ke swatantrata sangram ka ek mahatvapurna charan tha. Yeh andolan Bengal ke vibhajan ke turant baad, 1905 mein prarambh hua. Bengal ke vibhajan ke samay, British sarkar ne Bengal ko administratively do hisson mein vibhajit kar diya tha, jisse ki unka raajya bhaag parshad kar sakein. Yeh vibhajan Bharat ke rashtriyata ko dhvast karne ka ek prayatn tha aur Bengali samaj ke unity ko kamzor karne ka bhi ek paryatn tha.

Is pratikriya ke tehet, Bharatiya samaj ne Swadeshi Andolan ko prarambh kiya. Is andolan ka mukhya uddeshya tha Bharatiya vyavasayikata aur udyog ko badhava dena, taki desh svabhiman se svatantra ho sake. Swadeshi Andolan ke antargat, Bharatiya logon ne videshi vastuon ke tyag ki shiksha li aur apne deshi utpadon ka samarthan kiya. Desh bhar mein angrez malikon ke viruddh pratirodh ka maahaul bana.

Is andolan mein Mahatma Gandhi ne bhi pramukh bhoomika nibhai. Unhone charkha ka prayog kiya aur khadi ko rashtriya vastra ke roop mein mahatva diya. Iske alawa, vidyarthi aur samajik neta bhi is andolan mein sakriya roop se hissa liya aur janata ko desh ke udyogon ka samarthan karne ke liye prerit kiya.

Swadeshi Andolan ne Bharat ki aatma ki jagriti ko badhaya aur Bharatiya samaj ko ekjut kiya. Is andolan ka prabhav desh ke vibhinn bhagon tak phail gaya aur yeh ek mahatvapurna kadam tha Bharat ke swatantrata ke ore badhne ka. Is andolan ne desh ki arthik swabhiman aur svatantrata ke prati janata mein jagriti paida ki aur ant mein British satta ko prabhavit karke unhe apne niyantran mein svadeshi udyogon ko badhane ki zaroorat samajhne par majboor kiya.

3. **Non-Cooperation Movement (Asahayog Andolan):

Mahatma Gandhi ke netritva mein shuru kiya gaya yah andolan, 1920 mein prarambh hua. Is andolan mein Bharatiya janata ne British sarkar ke khilaf asahayog ki shiksha li aur sarkari padon se tyagapatra diya.

1920 mein prarambh hua yah andolan, jo Mahatma Gandhi ke netritva mein shuru kiya gaya tha, “Non-Cooperation Movement” ya “Asahayog Andolan” ke naam se jaana jaata hai. Is andolan ka mukhya uddeshya tha Bharatiya janata ko asahayog ki shiksha dena, arthat, videshi sarkar ke viruddh samarthan karne ke liye unhe sarkari sanrakshit padon se tyagapatra dena.

Is andolan mein Mahatma Gandhi ne Bharatiya janata ko angrez sarkar ke sath asahayog ki shiksha di. Iske antargat, unhone angrez sarkar ke vidhanon, udyogon, aur vidyalayon se door rehne ki shiksha di, taki desh ke svatantrata ki mang ko aur majbooti milti. Is andolan mein vidyarthiyon ne bhi bade paimane par hissa liya aur angrez sarkar ke vidyalayon se bahar nikal kar svadeshi vidyalayon mein pravesh kiya.

Is andolan ne desh bhar mein tezi se phaila aur angrez sarkar ko gambhir roop se prabhavit kiya. Angrez sarkar ke kai adhikari, udyogpati aur vidyarthi bhi is andolan mein shamil hue. Is andolan ke prabhav se British sarkar ko Bharatiya janata ke viruddh satta ka upyog karne mein asafalta mili.

Parantu, 1922 mein Chauri Chaura ghatna ke ant mein, Mahatma Gandhi ne is andolan ko rok diya, kyun ki unhe asahayog ki shiksha ke bavjood andolan mein hinsa ki ghatna ka samarthan nahi karna tha. Is ghatna ke baad, Gandhi ji ne sarkar se sambandhit pranali ko punarvicharit kiya aur angrez sarkar ke khilaf agale kadam ke liye taiyar huye.

Overall, Non-Cooperation Movement ek mahatvapurna andolan tha jo Bharat ke swatantrata andolanon mein ek mahatvapurna sthal prapt karta hai.

4. **Civil Disobedience Movement (Savinaay Avagya Andolan):

Savinaay Avagya Andolan, 1930 mein prarambh hua, jab Mahatma Gandhi ne Dandi March ke zariye namak ka apman kiya. Is andolan mein log sarkari kanunon ka palan nahi kiya aur sarkari udyogon par pradarshan kiya.

Savinaay Avagya Andolan, ya Civil Disobedience Movement, Bharat ke swatantrata sangram ka ek pramukh charan tha, jo Mahatma Gandhi ke netritva mein 1930 mein prarambh hua tha. Is andolan ka mukhya uddeshya tha British sarkar ke viruddh asahayog ki shiksha dena aur unke adhikaron ke virodh mein samarthan pradarshit karna.

Is andolan ka prarambh 12 March 1930 ko Mahatma Gandhi ke Dandi March ke saath hua, jismein Gandhi ji ne namak ka apman kiya aur Dandi mein milne wale namak ko uda diya. Is tathya se prarambh hokar, desh bhar mein asahayog ki shiksha di gayi aur sarkari kanunon ka palan nahi kiya gaya. Sarkari udyogon par pradarshan aur nukkad sabhaon ka aayojan kiya gaya.

Is andolan mein mahilaon ka bhi sakriya bhaag tha. Unhone angrez sarkar ke khilaf satyagraha, charkha chalana, aur swadeshi vastra ka samarthan kiya. Savinaay Avagya Andolan ke antargat, Bharatiya janata ne angrez sarkar ke saamne apne aasmita aur adhikar ka samarthan kiya, aur veerata aur samarpan ka udaharan prastut kiya.

Is andolan ka mahatva is baat mein tha ki yeh Bharat ki janata ko ekjut kiya aur unhe angrez sarkar ke viruddh ek majboot samarpan diya. Civil Disobedience Movement ne Bharat ki janata ko swatantrata ke liye sakriya roop se angrez sarkar ke khilaf khadi ho jaane ka sankalp diya. Is andolan ke prabhav se British sarkar ko Bharatiya janata ke prati samarpan aur samarthan ka ehsaas hua, aur ant mein yeh andolan Bharat ke swatantrata sangram mein ek mahatvapurna charan tha.

 

5. **Quit India Movement (Bharat Chhodo Andolan):

Bharat Chhodo Andolan, 1942 mein prarambh hua, jab Mahatma Gandhi ne “Do or Die” ki shapat li. Is andolan mein Bharatiya janata ne British sarkar ke khilaf vidroh kiya aur desh ko azad karne ki mang ki.

Bharat Chhodo Andolan, ya Quit India Movement, Bharat ke swatantrata sangram ka ek mahatvapurna charan tha, jo Mahatma Gandhi ke netritva mein 1942 mein prarambh hua tha. Is andolan ka mukhya uddeshya tha Bharatiya janata ko swatantrata ke liye sakriya roop se angrez sarkar ke khilaf vidroh ki shiksha dena aur desh ko azad karne ki mang karna.

Is andolan ka prarambh 8 August 1942 ko Bombay mein Mahatma Gandhi ke bhaashan ke saath hua, jismein Gandhi ji ne “Do or Die” ki shapat li. Is andolan mein Bharatiya janata ne angrez sarkar ke viruddh vidroh kiya aur unke sarkari udyogon, rail, aur telegraph par hamle kiye. Sarkari bhavanon ko aag lagayi gayi aur sarkari samaan ko nasht kiya gaya.

Bharat Chhodo Andolan ke dauran, Bharatiya janata ne apne desh ke svatantrata ke liye nihati ladai ki. Ve angrez sarkar ke viruddh satyagraha, ahinsa, aur desh ki azadi ki mang ki. Is andolan mein mahilaon ka bhi sakriya bhaag tha aur ve angrez sarkar ke khilaf pradarshan, charkha chalana, aur swadeshi andolan mein sakriya roop se hissa liya.

Is andolan ka prabhav desh bhar mein tezi se phaila aur angrez sarkar ko gambhir roop se prabhavit kiya. Is andolan ke prabhav se British sarkar ko Bharatiya janata ke viruddh satta ka upyog karne mein asafalta mili.

Overall, Bharat Chhodo Andolan ek mahatvapurna andolan tha jo Bharat ke swatantrata andolanon mein ek mahatvapurna charan tha. Is andolan ne desh ki azadi ki mang ko aur majbooti milti, aur ant mein 15 August 1947 ko Bharat ko azadi mili.

 

In sabhi ghatnaon ke baad, British sarkar ne samajhdari dikhate hue Bharat ko azadi ka darwaza khol diya aur 15 August 1947 ko Bharat desh ka svatantrata divas ghoshit kiya. Is din ko Bharat ke pratham Pradhanmantri Jawaharlal Nehru ne rashtriya sevakon ke samaksh bhaashan dete hue rashtrabhakti aur aadarsho ka mahatva bataya. Is prakar, Bharat ki azadi ka safar ek lamba aur sangharshamay safar tha, jismein anek desh bhakton ne apni jeevan ki bali chadhai aur Sangharsh Kiya.

15 August 1947 Raat 12 baje Bharat ko azadi mili islie ki is samay British sarkar ne Bharat ka adhikar samapt kar diya tha aur Bharat ka adhikar pradhanmantri Jawaharlal Nehru ko saunp diya gaya tha. Is ghatna ka itihasik tathy yah hai ki British sarkar ne pehle hi ghoshna ki thi ki 15 August 1947 ko vah Bharat ke adhikar ko samapt kar degi. Isilie, us samay Bharat ko azadi mili. Raat 12 baje islie mahatvapurn hai kyunki is samay Bharat ki azadi ka arambh hua tha aur naye Bharat ka janm hua tha. Is samay ko rashtriya svatantrata divas ke roop mein manaya jata hai aur har saal 15 August ko desh bhar mein utsav ke roop mein manaya jata hai.